EIP-7825 Empirical Report
The following represents a summary with empirical findings from analyzing a 2**24 transaction gas limit cap.
Date: July, 2025
Dataset
- Period: 6 months of Ethereum mainnet data (Q1 25)
- Blocks analyzed: 1,296,000
- Total transactions: 251,922,669
Impact Metrics
Transaction Impact
| Metric |
Value |
| Affected transactions |
96,564 |
| Impact rate |
0.0383% |
| Unique affected addresses |
4,601 |
| Avg transactions per affected address |
21.0 |
Gas Analysis (of Affected)
| Metric |
Value |
| Average gas limit (affected txs) |
24,734,127 |
| Average gas used |
17,668,721 |
| Gas efficiency |
71.4% |
| Min gas used |
21,000 |
| Max gas used |
35,888,566 |
| Transactions with unnecessary high limits |
18,490 (19.15%) |
Economic Impact
| Metric |
Value |
| Total additional gas cost |
2,095,905,000 gas units |
| Avg additional gas per address |
455,532 gas units |
| Avg additional gas per transaction |
21,705 gas units |
| Avg cost per address |
0.0004873 ETH |
Distribution Analysis
Concentration
| Metric |
Value |
| Gini coefficient |
0.870 |
| Top 10% addresses impact |
79.7% of affected transactions |
| Top 50 addresses impact |
37.6% of affected transactions |
| Addresses with 1 transaction |
1,848 (40.2%) |
| Addresses with >100 transactions |
197 (4.3%) |
Cumulative Distribution Function
Sample
- Total transactions analyzed: 244,628,466
- Blocks: 1,317,600 (183 days)
Distribution
| Gas Limit |
Cumulative % |
Transaction Count |
| ≤21,000 |
26.02% |
63,660,952 |
| ≤50,000 |
36.85% |
90,137,805 |
| ≤100,000 |
60.31% |
147,541,155 |
| ≤200,000 |
69.50% |
170,005,321 |
| ≤500,000 |
92.81% |
227,033,454 |
| ≤1,000,000 |
96.65% |
236,444,479 |
| ≤2,000,000 |
98.39% |
240,708,106 |
| ≤5,000,000 |
99.29% |
242,903,913 |
| ≤10,000,000 |
99.76% |
243,975,982 |
| ≤16,777,216 |
99.96% |
244,535,902 |
| >16,777,216 |
0.04% |
92,564 |
Address Analysis
Top 10 From Addresses
| Rank |
Address |
Transactions |
Avg Gas Limit |
Max Gas Limit |
| 1 |
0x22dcb…e1 |
2,555 |
19,940,819 |
20,025,269 |
| 2 |
0xc87a8…85 |
2,205 |
22,766,999 |
30,000,000 |
| 3 |
0x78ec5…fe |
1,712 |
25,950,213 |
36,000,000 |
| 4 |
0x2a8b4…1c |
1,559 |
34,411,392 |
35,947,097 |
| 5 |
0xcde69…ff |
1,543 |
23,456,520 |
32,400,000 |
| 6 |
0x61fbb…6f |
1,345 |
19,439,482 |
32,400,000 |
| 7 |
0x4abf0…32 |
1,287 |
20,403,859 |
25,267,151 |
| 8 |
0xd6aaa…77 |
1,189 |
24,467,657 |
25,416,303 |
| 9 |
0x7340d…78 |
1,100 |
20,093,929 |
20,094,357 |
| 10 |
0xb5b3f…d9 |
1,089 |
19,461,632 |
34,508,005 |
Top 10 To Addresses
| Rank |
Address |
Transactions |
% of Total |
| 1 |
0x06450…f6 |
9,443 |
9.8% |
| 2 |
0x00000…0b |
6,645 |
6.9% |
| 3 |
0x3c7cb…97 |
3,017 |
3.1% |
| 4 |
0xca2b1…44 |
2,907 |
3.0% |
| 5 |
0x0a252…59 |
2,817 |
2.9% |
| 6 |
0x5b12a…d9 |
2,728 |
2.8% |
| 7 |
0xd6da1…29 |
2,651 |
2.7% |
| 8 |
0x00000…00 |
2,607 |
2.7% |
| 9 |
0xb0cd7…a3 |
2,413 |
2.5% |
| 10 |
0x22e4a…ad |
2,369 |
2.5% |
Concentration Ratios
| Metric |
Value |
| Unique from addresses |
4,601 |
| Unique to addresses |
3,834 |
| Concentration ratio |
0.83 |
| Top 10 to addresses share |
38.8% |
| Top 50 to addresses share |
71.5% |
| Top 100 to addresses share |
82.0% |
Migration Analysis
Transaction Splitting Requirements
| Splits Required |
Address Count |
Percentage |
| 2 |
4,502 |
97.8% |
| 3 |
99 |
2.2% |
Gas Cost Distribution
| Percentile |
Additional Gas per Transaction |
ETH Cost (Historical) |
| Min |
21,000 |
0.00000636 |
| 25th |
21,000 |
0.00000843 |
| 50th |
21,000 |
0.00000966 |
| 75th |
21,000 |
0.00001175 |
| 95th |
42,000 |
0.00002306 |
| Max |
84,000 |
0.00003670 |
Summary Statistics
6-Month Period
- Affected transactions: 96,564 (0.0383%)
- Affected addresses: 4,601
- Total ETH impact: 2.2419 ETH
- Average splits required: 2.02
CDF Analysis (183 days)
- Transactions ≤16,777,216 gas: 99.96%
- Transactions >16,777,216 gas: 0.04%