EIP-7825 Empirical Report
EIP-7825 Empirical Report
The following represents a summary with empirical findings from analyzing a 2**24 transaction gas limit cap.
Date: July, 2025
Dataset
- Period: 6 months of Ethereum mainnet data (Q1 25)
- Blocks analyzed: 1,296,000
- Total transactions: 251,922,669
Impact Metrics
Transaction Impact
| Metric | Value | |——–|——-| | Affected transactions | 96,564 | | Impact rate | 0.0383% | | Unique affected addresses | 4,601 | | Avg transactions per affected address | 21.0 |
Gas Analysis (of Affected)
| Metric | Value | |——–|——-| | Average gas limit (affected txs) | 24,734,127 | | Average gas used | 17,668,721 | | Gas efficiency | 71.4% | | Min gas used | 21,000 | | Max gas used | 35,888,566 | | Transactions with unnecessary high limits | 18,490 (19.15%) |
Economic Impact
| Metric | Value | |——–|——-| | Total additional gas cost | 2,095,905,000 gas units | | Avg additional gas per address | 455,532 gas units | | Avg additional gas per transaction | 21,705 gas units | | Avg cost per address | 0.0004873 ETH |
Distribution Analysis
Concentration
| Metric | Value | |——–|——-| | Gini coefficient | 0.870 | | Top 10% addresses impact | 79.7% of affected transactions | | Top 50 addresses impact | 37.6% of affected transactions | | Addresses with 1 transaction | 1,848 (40.2%) | | Addresses with >100 transactions | 197 (4.3%) |
Cumulative Distribution Function
Sample
- Total transactions analyzed: 244,628,466
- Blocks: 1,317,600 (183 days)
Distribution
| Gas Limit | Cumulative % | Transaction Count | |———–|————–|——————-| | ≤21,000 | 26.02% | 63,660,952 | | ≤50,000 | 36.85% | 90,137,805 | | ≤100,000 | 60.31% | 147,541,155 | | ≤200,000 | 69.50% | 170,005,321 | | ≤500,000 | 92.81% | 227,033,454 | | ≤1,000,000 | 96.65% | 236,444,479 | | ≤2,000,000 | 98.39% | 240,708,106 | | ≤5,000,000 | 99.29% | 242,903,913 | | ≤10,000,000 | 99.76% | 243,975,982 | | ≤16,777,216 | 99.96% | 244,535,902 | | >16,777,216 | 0.04% | 92,564 |
Address Analysis
Top 10 From Addresses
| Rank | Address | Transactions | Avg Gas Limit | Max Gas Limit | |——|———|————–|—————|—————| | 1 | 0x22dcb…e1 | 2,555 | 19,940,819 | 20,025,269 | | 2 | 0xc87a8…85 | 2,205 | 22,766,999 | 30,000,000 | | 3 | 0x78ec5…fe | 1,712 | 25,950,213 | 36,000,000 | | 4 | 0x2a8b4…1c | 1,559 | 34,411,392 | 35,947,097 | | 5 | 0xcde69…ff | 1,543 | 23,456,520 | 32,400,000 | | 6 | 0x61fbb…6f | 1,345 | 19,439,482 | 32,400,000 | | 7 | 0x4abf0…32 | 1,287 | 20,403,859 | 25,267,151 | | 8 | 0xd6aaa…77 | 1,189 | 24,467,657 | 25,416,303 | | 9 | 0x7340d…78 | 1,100 | 20,093,929 | 20,094,357 | | 10 | 0xb5b3f…d9 | 1,089 | 19,461,632 | 34,508,005 |
Top 10 To Addresses
| Rank | Address | Transactions | % of Total | |——|———|————–|————| | 1 | 0x06450…f6 | 9,443 | 9.8% | | 2 | 0x00000…0b | 6,645 | 6.9% | | 3 | 0x3c7cb…97 | 3,017 | 3.1% | | 4 | 0xca2b1…44 | 2,907 | 3.0% | | 5 | 0x0a252…59 | 2,817 | 2.9% | | 6 | 0x5b12a…d9 | 2,728 | 2.8% | | 7 | 0xd6da1…29 | 2,651 | 2.7% | | 8 | 0x00000…00 | 2,607 | 2.7% | | 9 | 0xb0cd7…a3 | 2,413 | 2.5% | | 10 | 0x22e4a…ad | 2,369 | 2.5% |
Concentration Ratios
| Metric | Value | |——–|——-| | Unique from addresses | 4,601 | | Unique to addresses | 3,834 | | Concentration ratio | 0.83 | | Top 10 to addresses share | 38.8% | | Top 50 to addresses share | 71.5% | | Top 100 to addresses share | 82.0% |
Migration Analysis
Transaction Splitting Requirements
| Splits Required | Address Count | Percentage | |—————–|—————|————| | 2 | 4,502 | 97.8% | | 3 | 99 | 2.2% |
Gas Cost Distribution
| Percentile | Additional Gas per Transaction | ETH Cost (Historical) | |————|——————————-|———————-| | Min | 21,000 | 0.00000636 | | 25th | 21,000 | 0.00000843 | | 50th | 21,000 | 0.00000966 | | 75th | 21,000 | 0.00001175 | | 95th | 42,000 | 0.00002306 | | Max | 84,000 | 0.00003670 |
Summary Statistics
6-Month Period
- Affected transactions: 96,564 (0.0383%)
- Affected addresses: 4,601
- Total ETH impact: 2.2419 ETH
- Average splits required: 2.02
CDF Analysis (183 days)
- Transactions ≤16,777,216 gas: 99.96%
- Transactions >16,777,216 gas: 0.04%